{"id":"W2570760857","doi":"10.2118/174254-pa","title":"Stabilizing CO2 Foam by Use of Nanoparticles","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Journal","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Crisman Institute for Petroleum Research, Texas A and M University; University of Alberta; Saudi Aramco; Texas A and M University","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Enhanced oil recovery; Brine; Chemical engineering; Materials science; Nanoparticle; Aqueous solution; Viscoelasticity; Pressure drop; Composite material; Chemistry; Nanotechnology; Thermodynamics; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001016436,0.0003522085,0.0001967763,0.000279311,0.0001405675,0.000209117,0.0001747312,0.0002886651,0.0006834275],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001918684,0.0001145108,0.0002654367,0.0001322597,0.0001399605,0.0002308644,0.0001993344,0.0002117856,0.0002090895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002109957,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001168558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006451215,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008425463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998593,0.00001492118,0.00001271509,0.00004361364,0.00004300275,0.00002634628],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998975,0.00001977033,0.00002975017,0.000008423548,0.00003346733,0.00001107032],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002479802,0.000009602321,0.00008848153,0.00003528047,0.000002940745,0.00002432416,0.000008012305,0.0001120243,0.9978883,0.00003300334,0.00002410122,0.001749156],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001477086,0.00005752345,0.0001608846,0.000002277915,0.000004996525,0.00002530799,0.000003810215,0.0005565778,0.9986051,0.000008164872,0.0005722931,0.000001721836],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905523,0.001221783,0.00552211,0.00008432593,0.00004426712,0.00002804298,0.00008849848,0.0001590397,0.002299672],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924534,0.0004378892,0.005317017,0.00004443112,0.00001316262,0.00002869195,0.0001266757,0.00002466376,0.001554105],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0006834275,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002286315,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02566696044116841,"score_gpt":0.2562234661464584,"score_spread":0.23055650570529,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}