{"id":"W2575755655","doi":"10.1039/c6nr09124e","title":"Contrast mechanisms on nanoscale subsurface imaging in ultrasonic AFM: scattering of ultrasonic waves and contact stiffness of the tip–sample","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nanoscale","topic":"Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul; Canada Research Chairs; University of Calgary","keywords":"Ultrasonic sensor; Materials science; Nanoscopic scale; Stiffness; Scattering; Atomic force microscopy; Ultrasonic imaging; Ultrasound; Optics; Contrast (vision); Composite material; Acoustics; Nanotechnology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000414784,0.0006879914,0.0003501179,0.00047092,0.0002599553,0.0005112428,0.00070469,0.0007964362,0.0007138283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001534376,0.0002984316,0.0003146848,0.0002228058,0.001165205,0.001501816,0.0006354317,0.0005907931,0.0001880173],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005524821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003226195,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005802971,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99972,0.00004590383,0.000007167999,0.00004780979,0.0001440308,0.00003496925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993808,0.000381965,0.00009223889,0.00005758851,0.00006527836,0.00002205042],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001893463,0.0001224841,0.002043032,0.0003096937,0.00002121428,0.0007147851,0.0002540675,0.04982967,0.9025065,0.02694875,0.0001798114,0.01688064],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003379102,0.0001887032,0.003605593,0.0000263981,0.00002286012,0.0006351381,0.0000786942,0.8104649,0.1743819,0.00990739,0.0005951255,0.00005958498],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6626608,0.001302884,0.3301627,0.0002845317,0.00004020946,0.00008718712,0.0000648374,0.0002583454,0.005138576],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9877286,0.0003862137,0.01099639,0.00002750479,0.0000104819,0.00002665665,0.00002030673,0.0000223982,0.0007814458],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007964362,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004008532,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008590368013967436,"score_gpt":0.2582414063529666,"score_spread":0.2496510383389992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}