{"id":"W2575795807","doi":"10.1075/lv.16.2.05bur","title":"Variation as a testing ground for grammatical theory","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Linguistic Variation","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Negation; Linguistics; Variation (astronomy); Word order; Psychology; Philosophy; Physics; Astrophysics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002731643,0.0001289043,0.0001739482,0.0001013219,0.0006006272,0.00009982885,0.0001815379,0.0001907145,0.0004227671],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1305364,0.0001042205,0.00006347692,0.0002272715,0.0001055168,0.00008494496,0.00002506006,0.0000661723,0.0001908339],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002188807,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004149633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009763754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00009065773,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982039,0.0003712286,0.0004003835,0.0003242717,0.0003175263,0.0003826839],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938398,0.004780711,0.000255849,0.0001975297,0.0007882555,0.0001378366],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004352784,0.00004588739,0.0001785761,0.00001004669,0.00002186843,0.000002362078,0.008817092,0.000002425425,0.0008060887,0.9833937,0.00005194979,0.006626477],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009555874,0.0001018049,0.0103306,0.00003885467,0.00009574315,0.000003062014,0.0002121159,0.000762684,0.00001933995,0.9541455,0.03312642,0.0002083073],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003643138,0.00001019445,0.9316999,0.002248049,0.00330855,0.0006921397,0.00001933717,0.0002850427,0.05809363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9610919,0.000004217132,0.03111007,0.0004461278,0.003583788,0.0001055842,0.00001632059,0.00002250605,0.00361948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9574488,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8767875,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04298550062241268,"score_gpt":0.333124112651169,"score_spread":0.2901386120287563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}