{"id":"W2579123921","doi":"10.3390/membranes7010004","title":"Colloidal Fouling of Nanofiltration Membranes: Development of a Standard Operating Procedure","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Membranes","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Suncor Energy (Canada); University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Suncor Energy Incorporated","keywords":"Nanofiltration; Fouling; Membrane; Membrane fouling; Colloid; Concentration polarization; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Compaction; Chromatography; Materials science; Engineering; Composite material; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004805275,0.0001693302,0.0003209159,0.00005579786,0.0005033733,0.00006080304,0.0005950939,0.0001140916,0.0005130895],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004547513,0.000149172,0.00005305606,0.0001167769,0.0003458083,0.0004591421,0.0002074565,0.0000848588,0.00003061634],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005977907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009320431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006838705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000286943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984064,0.00002805288,0.0005554467,0.0002981794,0.0005013939,0.0002106028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988431,0.00004404326,0.000508685,0.0005178965,0.0000442356,0.00004198298],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004903101,0.00004606258,0.01357355,0.0003976065,0.00002004658,0.000001775929,0.002181933,0.001913052,0.9755138,0.0001268897,0.00005500857,0.006121265],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004426785,0.00006142139,0.00649842,0.0000845757,0.00001110409,0.000004638455,0.0006457611,0.000644632,0.9900252,0.0001062995,0.001307927,0.0001673093],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990477,0.00006205448,0.000529278,0.0001598269,0.00009526105,0.0003821001,0.000007079887,0.00007146729,0.008215879],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811333,0.00002419568,0.01830798,0.00001664689,0.00001586073,0.00003477663,0.000005645014,0.00001485607,0.0004467127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0177787,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6083056,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02225038322490759,"score_gpt":0.2725563588243439,"score_spread":0.2503059755994363,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}