{"id":"W2581440329","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-53704-6_8","title":"Biofuels Production from Renewable Feedstocks","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Green chemistry and sustainable technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","keywords":"Biofuel; Renewable energy; Environmental science; Bagasse; Corn stover; Biodiesel; Fossil fuel; Bioenergy; Cellulosic ethanol; Agronomy; Energy crop; Waste management; Pulp and paper industry; Engineering; Chemistry; Cellulose; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008871742,0.0003812107,0.0003455308,0.0001314231,0.0001500014,0.00002216169,0.0002120322,0.001450795,0.0007569861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001998368,0.0003492088,0.00006067815,0.00007600336,0.0003048876,0.0001039345,0.0001862594,0.0004821948,0.00005486123],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001930979,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004195676,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004792583,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002072723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985991,0.000002860973,0.0002477879,0.0005892604,0.0001139926,0.0004470745],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991432,0.000008810934,0.00008162762,0.0005619985,0.0001242692,0.0000800617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002546331,0.00008140803,0.0002311543,0.01521304,0.001294254,0.0006627764,0.0001897623,0.00004354029,0.5745804,0.01842232,0.09162106,0.2974057],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002075807,0.00001907141,8.941065e-7,0.00009753528,0.00004512519,0.00005440188,0.0001647978,0.00001390207,0.1518723,0.1064177,0.7406841,0.0004226592],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.008954233,0.01432625,0.0004345228,0.007912209,0.0008261027,0.0008508669,0.0001242332,0.003910716,0.9626608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02547367,0.001599788,0.0001285101,0.00001965181,0.0005892979,0.00002234142,0.00005783036,0.00007131392,0.9720376],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6490631,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00530324026822015,"score_gpt":0.1739747295885873,"score_spread":0.1686714893203671,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}