{"id":"W2582016790","doi":"10.1177/1462474517690522","title":"The prehistory of innovation: A longer view of penal change","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Punishment & Society","topic":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Delaware","keywords":"Prehistory; Prison; Punishment (psychology); Criminology; Sociology; Criminal justice; Political science; History; Archaeology; Psychology; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009071767,0.00005047032,0.0001136482,0.00001469409,0.00142869,0.00005317224,0.0003398256,0.00004152671,0.0001022678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001216783,0.00003866863,0.00014213,0.0002224081,0.000537295,0.0001673398,0.00006322734,0.00007010687,0.000003639012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007882023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001101473,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004901678,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002873412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992082,0.00004376522,0.0002101982,0.00009277008,0.0003185,0.0001266115],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988837,0.00006714725,0.0003603573,0.00030436,0.0003627508,0.00002170226],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002615468,0.000353569,0.01128425,0.0002083876,0.000352144,8.857485e-7,0.3428479,0.000001976569,0.0005848014,0.04149313,0.02648856,0.5763582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000225205,0.00006818772,0.02415985,0.00008339097,0.000404786,3.419435e-7,0.3844551,0.00008935628,0.0003422892,0.0004467637,0.5895635,0.0001612602],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9564171,0.003594877,0.0003030949,0.007143992,0.0009903231,0.0004709176,0.00001087749,0.00003010857,0.03103865],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954708,0.002742441,0.0001091007,0.0001265095,0.0002045746,0.00003170564,0.000001685117,0.000003151486,0.001310095],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.576197,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07860551802349101,"score_gpt":0.3538290484954914,"score_spread":0.2752235304720004,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}