{"id":"W2583045994","doi":"10.2144/000114501","title":"Native protein denaturation using urea","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioTechniques","topic":"Protein Structure and Dynamics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Denaturation (fissile materials); Cooperativity; Kinetics; Chemistry; Urea; Protein stability; Protein folding; Biophysics; Biochemistry; Biology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008653914,0.0000987177,0.00007100234,0.00002270413,0.0002423235,0.00007239556,0.00022794,0.0002445586,0.000003069012],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001044971,0.00008725742,0.00004261823,0.00001446455,0.00008716637,0.000008381458,0.000122525,0.0000828038,9.453731e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001465592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000040906,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006619129,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002652121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995139,0.00001942403,0.00008699339,0.0001934633,0.00007173789,0.0001144982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993447,0.000001001084,0.0001189294,0.0004414246,0.00006535016,0.00002859762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002205711,0.000005772818,0.0001061639,0.000005516458,0.00001353848,0.000001662238,0.000006849901,7.821911e-7,0.9945915,0.001163114,0.0001150861,0.003967913],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007976803,0.00008046403,0.0005180856,0.00001910525,0.00000495312,0.000008192547,0.00000348349,0.0001731538,0.9912003,0.002157782,0.00562806,0.0001266276],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8724797,0.0003388961,0.1224934,0.0002502919,0.00009554652,0.0006389628,0.00002018613,0.00007141477,0.00361158],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9602422,0.00002637823,0.03922159,0.0000687231,0.0001869239,0.00002035499,0.00002720761,0.00001247342,0.0001941431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0877625,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3558254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01524681447586981,"score_gpt":0.303078169329271,"score_spread":0.2878313548534012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}