{"id":"W2583507232","doi":"10.5539/apr.v9n1p105","title":"Effect of Backscattered Radiation on X-Ray Image Contrast","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Densitometer; Contrast (vision); Materials science; Optics; Radiation; Wedge (geometry); X-ray; Image contrast; Backscatter (email); Physics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004970993,0.0001194568,0.0001887137,0.00005105501,0.0002390724,0.00007777504,0.0003347617,0.00003952142,0.00001958076],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004158151,0.0001130382,0.00004242596,0.00008702461,0.000158541,0.0001573012,0.00005402738,0.0003654159,0.0002136785],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004756473,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001024593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007800265,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.416777e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989975,0.00004229837,0.0001174007,0.000163867,0.0003440482,0.0003348684],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989234,0.0003451956,0.00003679818,0.0005855134,0.00004972974,0.00005943043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001249998,0.00003634071,0.000154016,0.0002183302,0.00004563146,0.000002871423,0.000174937,0.01017901,0.6962236,0.005868823,0.0007121898,0.2862592],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001099807,0.0001091937,0.002027056,0.00004044855,0.000007621084,1.681029e-7,0.00002407288,0.01170281,0.981917,0.002073697,0.0008424686,0.00015563],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8166028,0.00007461953,0.0158749,0.00007041069,0.0001919815,0.0008846204,0.00002867592,0.0001468024,0.1661252],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994278,0.00002831266,0.0001550227,0.00000598497,0.0002044983,0.00007019691,0.00001281845,0.0000362144,0.00005914581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2861036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4609565,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02168074453513593,"score_gpt":0.3502111566433836,"score_spread":0.3285304121082477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}