{"id":"W2583764990","doi":"10.2118/0916-0114-jpt","title":"Chemical Analysis of Flowback Water and Downhole Gas-Shale Samples","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Petroleum Technology","topic":"Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Produced water; Hydraulic fracturing; Shale gas; Oil shale; Environmental science; Unconventional oil; Petroleum engineering; Salinity; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001963655,0.0005427597,0.0002266489,0.001670825,0.0005799701,0.0003759603,0.0002875054,0.000592388,0.002679835],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003828632,0.0001485151,0.0002115414,0.0006403948,0.0003004164,0.0003620343,0.0003555974,0.0003962247,0.0005017598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003510645,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005664431,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002826044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006361515,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995989,0.00001878216,0.00001599726,0.00007003218,0.0002609653,0.00003534217],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998149,0.00003049868,0.00002695928,0.00001044652,0.000101657,0.00001558326],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001856153,0.00007712091,0.008614277,0.0001303095,0.00001707095,0.0004091527,0.0004431582,0.0002273382,0.9606463,0.0001675913,0.0008964745,0.02818562],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002798807,0.0005677814,0.0773759,0.00007943187,0.00003718096,0.0006605002,0.001132377,0.002513035,0.8817028,0.0003710486,0.03547521,0.00005673286],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9674239,0.001783613,0.01625065,0.0003685648,0.0003557543,0.0003170475,0.004246008,0.0004468798,0.008807519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9417698,0.002840063,0.03091839,0.0006831252,0.00009929005,0.0003453325,0.004229152,0.0001590917,0.01895587],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002826044,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.008964896,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004859522186492528,"score_gpt":0.1988758213648113,"score_spread":0.1940162991783188,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}