{"id":"W2586415324","doi":"10.1007/978-3-319-51541-0_167","title":"The Fundamentals of Forming Microbubbles in Liquid Metal Systems","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"The minerals, metals & materials series","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Tundish; Ladle; Liquid metal; Materials science; Metallurgy; Aluminium; Nozzle; Porosity; Tuyere; Bubble; Microbubbles; Mechanics; Continuous casting; Mechanical engineering; Composite material; Engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004005771,0.0008442348,0.0007078919,0.0006008576,0.0005885799,0.001404685,0.001259326,0.001513429,0.00643099],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004016906,0.0008979984,0.0004775074,0.0007265495,0.00206481,0.002886419,0.001135924,0.002836671,0.004023386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001094958,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000586946,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000330542,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004772109,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997901,0.00003381525,0.00001391957,0.00003348244,0.00010421,0.00002450539],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999899,0.0000584414,0.000008040548,0.00001315666,0.00001459211,0.000006854325],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002122024,0.00005063131,0.00005311022,0.0006190148,0.000007267781,0.0001215329,0.0003501753,0.003739701,0.03276557,0.8811601,0.0100131,0.07109853],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001250737,0.00009368788,0.0001850959,0.0002386436,0.000008699484,0.0005330704,0.00008635542,0.01155118,0.05515897,0.4031259,0.5289627,0.00004322812],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.01379251,0.2305504,0.4057635,0.005092232,0.003949584,0.0002974494,0.0003281399,0.0007156548,0.3395105],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1692469,0.2195269,0.2238549,0.002074979,0.003101055,0.0008248092,0.0004130507,0.0005200602,0.3804373],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.00643099,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02151376,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01743479672352187,"score_gpt":0.217776804687126,"score_spread":0.2003420079636042,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}