{"id":"W2588302373","doi":"10.22543/0090-0222.2548","title":"Description and Biology of Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Michigan","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Great Lakes Entomologist","topic":"Plant and animal studies","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Eastern Michigan University","keywords":"Hymenoptera; Apidae; Zoology; Biology; Entomology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001546543,0.00007921481,0.000153094,0.00001362583,0.00009219802,0.00001573679,0.0001396678,0.00004977722,0.00001768192],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003172298,0.00002384215,0.00002558171,0.0001694203,0.0002397081,0.00002205861,0.00008695838,0.00005658119,0.000002131357],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000005656395,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001863572,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001111328,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02538625,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994946,0.00006484704,0.0001332363,0.000135497,0.00002895969,0.0001428669],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997634,0.0001508093,0.00003936793,0.00001978978,0.00001468488,0.00001195129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007572012,0.0000489233,0.5995396,0.00001043371,0.00002231753,0.000002455242,0.0001888211,6.142147e-7,0.3578293,0.01021432,0.00009431147,0.03197321],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001496365,0.0001885716,0.9827574,0.00003596075,0.00001356508,0.000004726444,0.0004024694,0.00001429525,0.004645423,0.007815833,0.003891845,0.00008021178],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9926118,0.001703668,0.000001758572,0.001202993,0.00003859444,0.00008980826,0.00001914583,0.00001837939,0.004313828],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988149,0.0004075134,0.00001088465,0.0001024216,0.00002556975,0.000007686218,0.000008917592,1.956436e-7,0.0006218854],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3832178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9923979,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0583172550517328,"score_gpt":0.2501555776136415,"score_spread":0.1918383225619087,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}