{"id":"W2588383513","doi":"10.1109/sasg.2016.7849660","title":"Quantifying the value of pumped storage hydro (PSH) in the Saudi electric grid","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Smart Grid Energy Management","field":"Engineering","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"SNC-Lavalin (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Grid; Pumped-storage hydroelectricity; Value (mathematics); Computer science; Environmental science; Electrical engineering; Distributed generation; Engineering; Renewable energy; Geology; Geodesy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005307202,0.0001167815,0.000119534,0.0001068837,0.00003400314,0.00001586289,0.0004006063,0.00003302865,0.00007555765],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000434186,0.00005161588,0.00005120557,0.0004187267,0.00002003018,0.00008178547,0.00004608386,0.00009290942,0.0000465252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006036127,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000645816,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001181926,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001463478,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991339,0.00006943291,0.0002111847,0.0001179344,0.0002148705,0.0002526066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992668,0.0002557869,0.00002671209,0.0004238051,0.00001036369,0.0000165335],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003112479,0.0001426958,0.01061272,0.0002014186,0.0003178696,0.00004192898,0.001641272,0.6774296,0.1191269,0.1146378,0.05440399,0.02141258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00252178,0.0001921838,0.2439482,0.0002287602,0.0001334638,0.00002246922,0.0008483826,0.4832887,0.1194625,0.001627627,0.1465916,0.001134324],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9577444,0.0003163454,0.01495294,0.001161823,0.0006374752,0.0002453065,0.000001374701,0.0001741195,0.02476619],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992235,0.0001507667,0.00008656939,0.0001258307,0.0001319675,0.0000291945,6.772474e-7,0.00002116097,0.0002302742],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2333355,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2104835,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01682514267843354,"score_gpt":0.2167161660608038,"score_spread":0.1998910233823702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}