{"id":"W2588771878","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.003","title":"Changes in runoff chemistry and soil fertility after multiple years of cattle winter bale feeding on annual cropland on the Canadian prairies","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba; Environment and Climate Change Canada; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Grazing; Surface runoff; Snowmelt; Environmental science; Watershed; Agronomy; Cattle grazing; Animal science; Biology; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001967451,0.0001618592,0.0001658336,0.00001128311,0.0002128601,0.0000589044,0.0002360906,0.0001116901,0.00007174028],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002718546,0.0001005377,0.00003347484,0.00002247681,0.0001871436,0.00008556726,0.0001442896,0.0001507786,0.00006388763],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003031135,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000004670943,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03588907,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.3526176,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990004,0.00003158415,0.000153649,0.0003199404,0.0002317544,0.0002627143],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993698,0.00004078196,0.0001095551,0.0003623083,0.000002563975,0.0001150045],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003888208,0.0000641036,0.9952549,0.00001902594,0.00001092926,0.00001342008,0.001177592,0.0001489002,0.002154539,0.000002075984,0.000868046,0.0002475362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002530623,0.00004734579,0.9853678,0.00006897144,0.000006986091,0.0000049112,0.0002829063,0.0001134531,0.004967999,0.00002053371,0.008723124,0.0001429112],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970726,0.00002998007,3.879937e-7,0.001466833,0.0001012554,0.0002512886,0.0001495728,0.000005557402,0.0009225761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992847,0.00001848004,0.000005944794,0.00007400429,0.0000496097,0.00006190674,0.00001401573,0.000008447656,0.0004828305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3167286,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.970531,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005126932420534942,"score_gpt":0.1680479812784123,"score_spread":0.1629210488578773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}