{"id":"W2590257084","doi":"10.1002/2016gl071941","title":"Aerosol‐driven increase in Arctic sea ice over the middle of the twentieth century","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Alaska Sea Grant, University of Alaska Fairbanks","keywords":"Climatology; Arctic sea ice decline; Sea ice; Arctic geoengineering; Arctic; Arctic ice pack; Environmental science; Climate change; Cryosphere; Aerosol; Global warming; Forcing (mathematics); Atmospheric sciences; Ice-albedo feedback; Oceanography; Geology; Antarctic sea ice; Meteorology; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002515662,0.0002959642,0.0001845456,0.0002843691,0.0003268393,0.0009476254,0.0002563609,0.0005946372,0.001683778],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005513143,0.0001785244,0.0004993608,0.0004099438,0.0002826284,0.0005112206,0.0004204447,0.0003774655,0.000132042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001339662,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007859321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0946309,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.07709742,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999428,0.00001124663,0.000003684617,0.00001588698,0.000007938729,0.00001846016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999214,0.00001416697,0.00002070944,0.00000617588,0.0000185001,0.0000189377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003561491,0.0001624014,0.3237198,0.0001584599,0.0004111964,0.0007250594,0.0003486625,0.6467601,0.007856594,0.005774853,0.002235713,0.01149097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002297783,0.0001868844,0.4686633,0.00007347014,0.0001832235,0.0001909034,0.0005410139,0.517952,0.003131054,0.00225074,0.006533432,0.00006415957],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971532,0.0001649813,0.000333655,0.0002994072,0.00003251489,0.000003613834,0.0005505085,0.00002028638,0.001441806],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991224,0.0001633155,0.0001138221,0.00002162506,0.000008179985,0.000003664049,0.000232976,0.000004330781,0.0003295671],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0946309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1881602,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03217838964081755,"score_gpt":0.271072236667725,"score_spread":0.2388938470269075,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}