{"id":"W2592524274","doi":"10.3138/cart.52.1.3489","title":"Population Surface Generation: Separating Urban and Rural","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","topic":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","keywords":"Population; Population density; Neighbourhood (mathematics); Polygon (computer graphics); Geography; Population size; Census; City block; Statistics; Cartography; Mathematics; Computer science; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009779882,0.0001373624,0.000110888,0.0001102687,0.00232668,0.001118418,0.0002946559,0.00007757267,0.00009427163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001246728,0.0001034487,0.00007507941,0.00006809833,0.0002049425,0.002310926,0.0001200606,0.0001321208,0.00000613314],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004343926,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000100143,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002755685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001070382,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987786,0.0000405675,0.0004031622,0.0001053024,0.0004545141,0.0002178073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999038,0.00003924241,0.0005542372,0.000165344,0.0000760604,0.0001271199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005351078,0.00001764815,0.9782135,0.000008219367,0.00004815354,4.255881e-7,0.001179571,0.0005519553,0.0002817676,0.006447562,0.002314167,0.01088346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009541573,0.0001052368,0.9190476,0.00002322374,0.00003536344,0.00006481345,0.0003760292,0.02807514,0.00005670757,0.002136765,0.04891953,0.0002054553],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9908863,0.00008465264,0.002899813,0.004263259,0.0008239363,0.0003149419,0.00001835319,0.00002116558,0.0006876053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974701,0.000636548,0.0003347207,0.001003006,0.0002856787,0.00001060135,0.0001741628,0.000007591858,0.00007755965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05916599,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999185,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01614438030326307,"score_gpt":0.3022347191380605,"score_spread":0.2860903388347974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}