{"id":"W2598319394","doi":"10.3961/jpmph.16.089","title":"Distribution and Determinants of Out-of-pocket Healthcare Expenditures in Bangladesh","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Global Affairs Canada; Department for International Development; Department for International Development, UK Government; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh; Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete","keywords":"Health care; Business; Socioeconomic status; Government (linguistics); Population; Payment; Demographic economics; Economics; Public economics; Economic growth; Environmental health; Medicine; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002673852,0.0002531214,0.0002080798,0.0007455518,0.000231733,0.0004906144,0.0002052833,0.0002049334,0.004671373],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001754676,0.0001231174,0.0002656395,0.001462561,0.0002446614,0.0003450272,0.0004724519,0.0003398152,0.0005590133],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007664852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004485862,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02878681,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02382391,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997001,0.0000702433,0.00005281066,0.00004233452,0.00005430274,0.00008027622],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989188,0.000187395,0.0005314663,0.00004048663,0.0001344978,0.0001875223],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007492965,0.00002882202,0.9943764,0.00003528483,0.00003999622,0.0001602255,0.0002247367,0.0001665267,0.0001740298,0.0001395577,0.0004999432,0.004079472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002855852,0.00002293531,0.9985418,0.00001878584,0.000006756866,0.0001459105,0.0005931077,0.000166111,0.00002761076,0.00005246161,0.0004169806,0.000004575353],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949228,0.0003027649,0.00005494631,0.000266083,0.00000298793,0.00001233743,0.002354648,0.000003002799,0.002080385],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988165,0.0002365412,0.00003158021,0.00001307329,0.000002320597,0.000007855885,0.0006149631,0.000001481079,0.0002757431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02878681,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05723852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1122223802345988,"score_gpt":0.3612568006801422,"score_spread":0.2490344204455434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}