{"id":"W2604617225","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.6b06608","title":"Internal versus External Dose for Describing Ternary Metal Mixture (Ni, Cu, Cd) Chronic Toxicity to <i>Lemna minor</i>","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Glencore; Environment Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Toxicity; Chemistry; Metal; Kinetics; Bioavailability; Ternary operation; Metal toxicity; Copper; Saturation (graph theory); Copper toxicity; Nuclear chemistry; Lemna minor; Biotic Ligand Model; Environmental chemistry; Biology; Pharmacology; Organic chemistry; Aquatic plant","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001114517,0.0005645745,0.0004606486,0.000304419,0.001954889,0.0002128796,0.004430784,0.0003070917,0.001732915],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002869328,0.000543041,0.0002052378,0.0003294407,0.005853968,0.001233076,0.004617201,0.000545147,0.001628362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00327344,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004773594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002311057,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002628765,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947869,0.000049435,0.0005616444,0.001763727,0.001205718,0.001632575],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969636,0.00006010558,0.0003765171,0.002058452,0.000003952126,0.0005373773],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001369888,0.0002436401,0.04085349,0.000004319443,0.0000200402,0.00004759816,0.0001376899,0.0004203238,0.873997,0.0001050678,0.000325586,0.0837083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003351468,0.002449824,0.2024573,0.00009387562,0.0001051489,0.0002117919,0.0003590382,0.001678868,0.7347605,0.0010977,0.05191362,0.001520926],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864501,0.0001722719,0.005780422,0.001609312,0.001532786,0.001106418,0.00005616184,0.0001375937,0.00315491],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9805301,0.00006187674,0.01727014,0.000359641,0.0002046357,0.0002548081,0.000004320769,0.00005564608,0.001258759],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1616038,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02311565329938754,"score_gpt":0.2716551385358579,"score_spread":0.2485394852364703,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}