{"id":"W2605135192","doi":"10.1139/cjp-2017-0015","title":"Origin of singularity in Big Bang theory from zero point energy","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Physics","topic":"Quantum Electrodynamics and Casimir Effect","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Professional Engineers Ontario","funders":"University of Ottawa","keywords":"Physics; Zero-point energy; Casimir effect; Universe; Singularity; Big Bang (financial markets); Ultimate fate of the universe; Initial singularity; Theoretical physics; Dark energy; Planck length; Zero-energy universe; Planck; Observable universe; Big Rip; Observable; Classical mechanics; Cosmology; Quantum mechanics; Metric expansion of space; De Sitter universe; Physical cosmology; Quantum gravity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002581733,0.0001178435,0.0002792772,0.0000720192,0.0001276394,0.00007515724,0.0003569552,0.00003509362,0.00005688375],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001780971,0.0001121798,0.0001628859,0.00005668314,0.00009824473,0.0001425822,0.00001480197,0.0002263738,0.00000146418],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007476546,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007792687,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05227991,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01389238,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992287,0.00007003338,0.0002555265,0.00009919802,0.0001005416,0.0002459908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989002,0.00006586653,0.0004177358,0.0003016901,0.00009684841,0.0002175994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000030724,0.00006505326,0.07416244,0.000007306232,0.0001523361,0.00008169786,0.0003086326,0.0001559246,0.002680712,0.7734142,0.0002678693,0.1486731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007494039,0.0001027909,0.02262349,0.0001248904,0.00004939855,0.000002751798,0.00007517599,0.0007209915,0.00664725,0.9673911,0.001320492,0.0001922943],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9645501,0.0001457267,0.03185292,0.0001109021,0.0004023574,0.00003382174,0.00008621036,0.000001115719,0.002816821],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992307,0.000002528215,0.000129301,0.00003220751,0.0005403041,7.654929e-7,0.000008844621,0.00001535274,0.00004000581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1939769,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9540311,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01047281996647747,"score_gpt":0.2279906238003108,"score_spread":0.2175178038338333,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}