{"id":"W2605214299","doi":"10.5539/elt.v10n5p16","title":"Grammar Errors Made by ESL Tertiary Students in Writing","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Grammar; Verb; Psychology; Sentence; Subject (documents); Tertiary level; English grammar; Context (archaeology); Mathematics education; Agreement; Linguistics; Higher education; Pedagogy; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001828453,0.0002354762,0.0002554696,0.0001287473,0.001711004,0.00138852,0.000828821,0.00007668108,0.0004064754],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001257706,0.0002253789,0.00009238384,0.00001019575,0.0001179631,0.0007275863,0.0002427152,0.001506275,0.00004268421],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006919328,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001120011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004787193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001130852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981419,0.0003197514,0.0003382076,0.0003629471,0.0003460061,0.0004911732],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989867,0.0001386779,0.0002148375,0.0005510953,0.0000175318,0.0000911498],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008023822,0.0001430249,0.09548025,0.00004089381,0.00003304543,0.0001210369,0.8771248,0.00001111525,0.0004147347,0.003587089,0.002704635,0.02033136],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002777138,0.0001139605,0.0191464,0.001045957,0.00006865697,0.000008543252,0.7929193,0.000691494,0.0002381131,0.000275709,0.1812318,0.001482997],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9176742,0.0004834844,0.00001926131,0.0001671719,0.0006640421,0.0001246496,0.00001238082,0.0004154089,0.08043934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9871987,0.000003905714,0.0002078252,0.0003325099,0.001527135,0.00001452964,0.00004202539,0.00005777786,0.01061564],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1785271,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996482,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01334727936023362,"score_gpt":0.2847214356801518,"score_spread":0.2713741563199182,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}