{"id":"W2605622777","doi":"10.5339/irl.2016.iit.5","title":"Champions of protection? A text-as-data analysis of the bilateral investment treaties of GCC countries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Law","topic":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"Qatar National Research Fund; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg; Qatar Foundation","keywords":"Treaty; Investment (military); International trade; Negotiation; Bilateral investment treaty; State (computer science); European union; Investment protection; Foreign direct investment; Political science; Member states; Flexibility (engineering); International economics; Business; Law; Economics; International investment; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005886232,0.00005500167,0.0002736357,0.00007634293,0.00004807439,0.000004702376,0.0005187385,0.00002761829,0.0007766624],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004250013,0.00002806681,0.0001581534,0.0002742439,0.0006076418,0.0001262351,0.00009772039,0.00002413026,0.000002812739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002899427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001494256,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003359985,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001797977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987497,0.0001169599,0.0004204367,0.0001037506,0.0005484665,0.00006068444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986745,0.0001119467,0.0004837805,0.0002854074,0.0004228492,0.0000214809],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001585126,0.00006998331,0.00433102,0.0003673044,0.0006840902,1.261986e-7,0.0015496,9.714607e-7,0.000488937,0.9894503,0.0001601441,0.002881639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003768284,0.00008457912,0.01154107,0.00883913,0.0007908362,8.585147e-7,0.0002806458,0.00003827946,0.005546472,0.006652395,0.9657229,0.0001260535],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2611103,0.03941177,0.0005973081,0.08162821,0.001407188,0.003307438,0.003560494,0.00004276288,0.6089346],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875091,0.009131175,0.00004750383,0.0002879724,0.00003644816,0.00001446373,0.000009268602,0.000002666232,0.002961376],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9827979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8503909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0579762149824356,"score_gpt":0.3572022687834597,"score_spread":0.2992260538010241,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}