{"id":"W2605879554","doi":"10.1017/s0047404515000603","title":"Quantifying the referential function of general extenders in North American English","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Language in Society","topic":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Vernacular; Variation (astronomy); Linguistics; Set (abstract data type); Function (biology); Focus (optics); American English; Extension (predicate logic); North American English; Sociology; Computer science; Philosophy; Physics; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004746062,0.0002428299,0.0003532388,0.004101927,0.001657968,0.00188424,0.0004556419,0.0003742531,0.00157944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0118337,0.0002089821,0.0001446382,0.003837256,0.002966282,0.001576902,0.001827457,0.0005893144,0.0001226362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002127878,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00111533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03329437,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.08334275,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981984,0.0007364497,0.0001718203,0.0004444561,0.0003674844,0.00008143903],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.987071,0.007784098,0.001526224,0.001001489,0.002411514,0.0002056922],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003626178,0.0001094294,0.2301687,0.001147442,0.0001622907,0.0007593656,0.5038188,0.001024654,0.07321542,0.04287659,0.001389337,0.1449653],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009133049,0.00007818691,0.8769934,0.0002087364,0.0001011755,0.0004714312,0.08674975,0.001737629,0.006535306,0.006181066,0.02084957,0.00008458093],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878954,0.0005932297,0.00383052,0.0001323647,0.0000107788,0.00001981595,0.0001823555,0.00001650372,0.007318991],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963745,0.0002026344,0.0027375,0.0000174828,0.000005651357,0.00002178365,0.000158023,0.00001269971,0.0004695788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03329437,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06620115,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05822081668773491,"score_gpt":0.3418315399743611,"score_spread":0.2836107232866262,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}