{"id":"W2605947049","doi":"10.1007/s00267-017-0867-7","title":"Herbicide Toxicity Testing with Non-Target Boreal Plants: The Sensitivity of Achillea millefolium L. and Chamerion angustifolium L. to Triclopyr and Imazapyr","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Yukon University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies","keywords":"Imazapyr; Triclopyr; Achillea millefolium; Seedling; Biology; Abies balsamea; Botany; Agronomy; Horticulture; Glyphosate","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000216638,0.0001307471,0.0001483801,0.000008983422,0.0005639714,0.00005664371,0.0001397716,0.00002676139,0.00001722888],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007097719,0.00004945658,0.00002184118,0.00003689753,0.0001756503,0.00007753849,0.0002799807,0.00006203636,0.000004986733],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001818114,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":8.647492e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00236463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004426301,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992375,0.00003100574,0.000122836,0.0002714962,0.0001496429,0.0001874916],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999579,0.00008231763,0.0001156242,0.0001386954,0.00000363581,0.00008074596],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001313801,0.0001637102,0.06471556,0.00001703833,0.00007101832,0.00001933677,0.0002276887,0.00003156184,0.6154649,0.0001402685,0.000201404,0.3188161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002320213,0.0002197056,0.9946691,0.00001992479,0.00002541878,0.000009072008,0.0007024198,0.0002891316,0.002213967,0.00008934838,0.001410124,0.0001197976],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938489,0.00006549482,0.00007152701,0.002721102,0.00001457367,0.0005061817,0.00005516982,0.00001195716,0.002705089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987469,0.00003918209,0.0006198787,0.0003156002,0.00006742316,0.00003963269,0.00001275311,0.000001596969,0.0001570324],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9299535,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4337669,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007801429595859342,"score_gpt":0.1882031335014524,"score_spread":0.1804017039055931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}