{"id":"W2605947049","doi":"10.1007/s00267-017-0867-7","title":"Herbicide Toxicity Testing with Non-Target Boreal Plants: The Sensitivity of Achillea millefolium L. and Chamerion angustifolium L. to Triclopyr and Imazapyr","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Management","topic":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Yukon University; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Association of Canadian Universities for Northern Studies","keywords":"Imazapyr; Triclopyr; Achillea millefolium; Seedling; Biology; Abies balsamea; Botany; Agronomy; Horticulture; Glyphosate","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002733735,0.0005043537,0.0004846943,0.0004256628,0.0002944545,0.0003433494,0.000496407,0.0006320763,0.0008199016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003403456,0.0002182547,0.0003601841,0.0004318204,0.0001606447,0.0003550602,0.0002476023,0.0006657346,0.000199863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006075565,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000226548,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00762578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009006093,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996246,0.000065035,0.00005940284,0.00009310382,0.0001086581,0.00004924908],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995044,0.0001303888,0.0001030957,0.00004613107,0.0001401547,0.00007579588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009680981,0.00003709201,0.0005612104,0.00003169974,0.000006812821,0.00002524488,0.00002193625,0.0000611846,0.99857,0.000009140877,0.00001040306,0.0005685424],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003869694,0.002101425,0.03279029,0.000005805424,0.00004726955,0.0002543246,0.0001088097,0.0008403063,0.9627901,0.00003126753,0.0009726157,0.00001909808],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972042,0.0005159829,0.0008503154,0.00003939648,0.00001320751,0.00003952888,0.0005377404,0.00005139804,0.0007481627],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939866,0.0004987714,0.001621558,0.00005405746,0.000004344673,0.0000715659,0.001473479,0.00002750851,0.002262019],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00762578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01516283,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007801429595859342,"score_gpt":0.1882031335014524,"score_spread":0.1804017039055931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}