{"id":"W2606058705","doi":"10.32920/ryerson.14639880.v2","title":"Discrimination experienced by landed immigrants in Canada","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Race (biology); Ethnic group; Demographic economics; Logistic regression; Face (sociological concept); Psychology; Demography; Geography; Sociology; Political science; Gender studies; Medicine; Economics; Law; Social science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000168296,0.00009318451,0.0001448467,0.00003382765,0.00008759799,0.0001071913,0.0001986063,0.0001157149,0.0009118721],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001008041,0.00009130133,0.00002697157,0.0001603203,0.00003239168,0.00007182868,0.00006983554,0.0001808157,0.00000115512],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007657964,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003459232,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9989474,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988627,0.0001437773,0.0001882751,0.000237065,0.0003843304,0.0001838574],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996128,0.0000312294,0.00006591996,0.0001345218,0.00007859886,0.000076893],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000180613,0.0001967233,0.05364555,0.0001011575,0.00003466344,0.00005776533,0.8668802,0.0009360512,0.0005611312,0.01778177,0.04135104,0.01843593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004033017,0.000005545497,0.01930568,0.000124181,0.00001108035,2.351804e-7,0.9439898,0.01040786,0.0003791781,0.0004206582,0.02427668,0.0006758439],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9820811,0.0001098232,0.0004095586,0.00197333,0.0005742494,0.0001903825,0.00002655033,0.00002252982,0.01461249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992975,0.0003052155,0.0001024786,0.0003780221,0.00002801286,0.00003616661,0.0002202831,0.000004942302,0.005949864],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0771096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.998436,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01430069084941056,"score_gpt":0.2858776617018978,"score_spread":0.2715769708524872,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}