{"id":"W2606232515","doi":"10.1353/eca.2017.0002","title":"Is Europe an Optimal Political Area?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brookings Papers on Economic Activity","topic":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":60,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Convergence (economics); Politics; Diversity (politics); Spell; European union; Economic geography; Political economy; Political science; Cultural diversity; Economic system; Economics; Sociology; International trade; Economic growth; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002375872,0.0001333831,0.0005063207,0.001707974,0.002056533,0.007719882,0.0002894908,0.0009590458,0.006816397],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003508261,0.0001371737,0.0002385986,0.00275615,0.002716251,0.004502272,0.002350171,0.0007860123,0.0007208497],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001006695,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001397935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00324526,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00475332,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978266,0.0008010031,0.00009160684,0.0003971148,0.0001979646,0.0006856637],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99849,0.0004395354,0.0004063871,0.0001358978,0.0001266313,0.0004015821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002032443,0.0001163442,0.0917998,0.0002392717,0.0001482433,0.0004284624,0.006306841,0.001275347,0.0007928181,0.7922979,0.01244021,0.09395153],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001201807,0.0001782191,0.3144509,0.0007493209,0.0001335951,0.0007676756,0.03745214,0.001305538,0.0006648144,0.2266609,0.4174625,0.0000542916],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6576535,0.009343102,0.004568885,0.01834483,0.0004486284,0.00002652164,0.0004885189,0.00004701955,0.3090791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924278,0.001605277,0.0009755959,0.00180596,0.0001795434,0.00001557901,0.0001719174,0.00002524412,0.002793133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007719882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02280307,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05910297754801963,"score_gpt":0.3324823977289739,"score_spread":0.2733794201809542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}