{"id":"W2609751023","doi":"","title":"The Optics of War: Seeing Civilians, Enacting Distinctions, and Visual Crises in International Law","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Global Security and Public Health","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Photography; Visual arts; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002207155,0.000237065,0.0001880815,0.002099194,0.008036661,0.01045128,0.0006922335,0.001876357,0.005365169],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007538927,0.0002821753,0.0001575507,0.002065041,0.02822205,0.009257901,0.005316296,0.003522156,0.0002348217],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006797126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002220155,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02258776,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03532792,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998069,0.001076091,0.00004588089,0.0001238999,0.000230512,0.0004547102],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965133,0.002157336,0.0007105571,0.0001336985,0.0001890566,0.0002961205],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005690837,0.00005080629,0.009274918,0.00006971091,0.000005094721,0.00023688,0.6849702,0.0001069145,0.0005045162,0.2528707,0.007463883,0.04438944],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007434813,0.00003365155,0.02067304,0.0002509856,0.000004992421,0.0001875178,0.8744548,0.0001524,0.0002484131,0.04760824,0.05635809,0.00002050173],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6821051,0.006027868,0.003283335,0.04405151,0.000305111,0.0000310742,0.00006269072,0.0000361842,0.2640972],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9951293,0.0009572844,0.0002836171,0.0008195364,0.0000559954,0.00001216767,0.00001023825,0.00001072168,0.002721081],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02258776,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04931676,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01781540172974445,"score_gpt":0.3476415050565427,"score_spread":0.3298261033267982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}