{"id":"W2609751023","doi":"","title":"The Optics of War: Seeing Civilians, Enacting Distinctions, and Visual Crises in International Law","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Global Security and Public Health","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Political science; Photography; Visual arts; Art","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004047647,0.00005235294,0.00008272969,0.00002861059,0.002425307,0.0002282339,0.0003299121,0.0000508095,0.000009213477],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009291088,0.00004155972,0.00003212572,0.00004563046,0.0002826796,0.0003873982,0.00005080818,0.0007562689,0.000001041437],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004032746,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001206928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01068407,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1940326,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984338,0.0001465214,0.0002070999,0.00008212846,0.0002676138,0.0008628616],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993917,0.000162437,0.0002236598,0.00006650776,0.0000850262,0.0000706595],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001460756,0.0000274173,0.01242215,0.000002580337,0.00002119157,0.000001108425,0.001876357,0.00000175399,0.000005303423,0.9532753,0.00001857297,0.03233366],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001038367,0.0002397505,0.02073109,0.0001317034,0.00002560865,0.0001020261,0.1371655,0.0006649112,0.00002390142,0.6065927,0.2330129,0.000271652],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8817866,0.003426202,0.0004846599,0.03314187,0.001098339,0.0001449034,0.000004521462,0.00001708707,0.07989583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9855487,0.0137802,0.00002073045,0.00004982512,0.000331715,0.000001035731,5.012361e-7,0.000003296943,0.0002640256],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3466827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01781540172974445,"score_gpt":0.3476415050565427,"score_spread":0.3298261033267982,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}