{"id":"W2610195279","doi":"10.1023/a:1020524522441","title":"Trends of Poverty and Income Inequality in Cross-National Comparison","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Social Security","topic":"Social Policy and Reform Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Economic inequality; Economics; Inequality; Income distribution; Population; Demographic economics; Development economics; Income inequality metrics; Redistribution (election); Distribution (mathematics); Economic growth; Political science; Demography; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002591023,0.00007953228,0.0002973731,0.0001287599,0.0003969275,0.00003497532,0.0001727879,0.00004784526,0.00007492328],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004670975,0.00006735337,0.000113714,0.0003660663,0.0005491623,0.0002258178,0.00006012001,0.000275602,0.000002995321],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008732822,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003216453,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00025429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003558306,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978077,0.0008373215,0.0005731177,0.00007767718,0.0005217888,0.0001824153],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990712,0.0001061464,0.000485998,0.00002884463,0.0002329708,0.00007488233],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009544873,0.0005111739,0.4840479,0.00004221257,0.0001028423,0.00002636119,0.4416632,0.000004735498,0.00002241288,0.05220872,0.006427323,0.01484763],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008761825,0.00008179592,0.9769924,0.00002286577,0.00001036689,0.000001402085,0.005231525,0.0000119147,0.000008029954,0.007846036,0.008805968,0.0001115106],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8466429,0.0003115873,0.000002707763,0.002700628,0.0001902524,0.00002941227,0.00001610891,0.000007452528,0.150099],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985637,0.0002047127,0.00001933292,0.0001532552,0.000901545,1.683471e-7,4.055592e-7,0.000005779056,0.0001511076],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4929445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3052885,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07193075837490022,"score_gpt":0.382626313156005,"score_spread":0.3106955547811048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}