{"id":"W2611550127","doi":"","title":"Identifying Threshold Concepts in Physics: too many to count!","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Practice and evidence of scholarship of teaching and learning in higher education","topic":"Higher Education and Employability","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Transformative learning; Omnipresence; Variety (cybernetics); Mathematics education; Epistemology; Work (physics); Mathematics; Sociology; Physics; Statistics; Pedagogy; Philosophy; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008088139,0.00008627085,0.0001774589,0.0001071176,0.0007137716,0.0003235217,0.0002451889,0.00008190881,0.00003047082],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01106567,0.00009410788,0.00002105763,0.0001126685,0.0001996731,0.003077703,0.00006115804,0.0008387574,0.000004877306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008780476,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002829249,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01191927,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002855794,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980264,0.0009445172,0.000289354,0.000265026,0.0002990255,0.0001757069],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980519,0.001081252,0.0003845048,0.0002305196,0.0001563068,0.00009545241],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004220847,0.0001473574,0.9149418,0.0001256824,0.000004288328,2.953672e-7,0.049757,0.00002250389,0.0004026056,0.01069552,0.0000346172,0.02382614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001198079,0.0000442752,0.9752862,0.001201168,0.00001646131,5.741538e-7,0.01318925,0.000003352277,0.00003330703,0.002331363,0.007662703,0.0001115018],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749615,0.0015609,0.00001202371,0.01894359,0.0004071227,0.0001643662,1.414982e-7,0.00001214998,0.003938265],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.995179,0.000340371,0.002468215,0.0002949007,0.0001826298,0.00001693085,5.27262e-7,0.000006682219,0.00151074],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06034445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9972646,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1503230185867386,"score_gpt":0.481436305734071,"score_spread":0.3311132871473325,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}