{"id":"W2611657437","doi":"10.3390/educsci7020052","title":"Effects of Instructional Guidance and Sequencing of Manipulatives and Written Symbols on Second Graders’ Numeration Knowledge","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Education Sciences","topic":"Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Mathematics education; Test (biology); Value (mathematics); Computer science; Base (topology); Sequence (biology); Teaching method; Arithmetic; Psychology; Mathematics; Machine learning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007516119,0.00005430468,0.00009872024,0.0001129958,0.000926792,0.0001114703,0.0001786227,0.00003362848,0.00003269953],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006644653,0.00004903486,0.00001421336,0.00008241605,0.0009272276,0.0003811695,0.0000185214,0.00004488726,6.518625e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002437256,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004897633,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002965014,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001806511,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993373,0.000103259,0.0001566038,0.0001477555,0.000180753,0.0000743665],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992166,0.0002432191,0.0002889409,0.0001065999,0.0001022616,0.00004244152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.00334e-7,0.00006383301,0.008034785,0.0001211302,0.000003768389,2.036322e-8,0.04057372,1.761602e-7,0.001819078,0.9382283,0.0001808102,0.01097346],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003043349,0.0002224911,0.3737438,0.001412467,0.00002916694,0.000005757651,0.03781154,0.000268415,0.06125074,0.5210114,0.003566308,0.0003735706],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9418139,0.0002457683,0.0003764529,0.0007442064,0.0003496773,0.0002053865,9.197518e-7,0.00001551023,0.05624814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991295,0.00005433202,0.008036199,0.00001846142,0.0000633529,0.00001301607,4.035165e-7,0.000002131017,0.0005170431],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.417217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7128229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0754639909371054,"score_gpt":0.4173838057217121,"score_spread":0.3419198147846066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}