{"id":"W2612900879","doi":"10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.079","title":"Sustainable biofuel production from forestry, agricultural and waste biomass feedstocks","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Energy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":49,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; Western University; McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Biofuel; Biomass (ecology); Production (economics); Agriculture; Bioenergy; Sustainable production; Environmental science; Waste management; Agricultural waste; Forestry; Agroforestry; Business; Agricultural economics; Engineering; Economics; Agronomy; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001658037,0.0002937538,0.0001735807,0.000761868,0.0003747038,0.0006144034,0.0001671072,0.0002334709,0.001472321],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001097237,0.0001265804,0.0002499047,0.0009265557,0.0002224416,0.0005012971,0.0003445596,0.0003185682,0.000509017],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004720303,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005866935,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006179982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003463708,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998677,0.00001051842,0.000008021081,0.00001583943,0.00006796819,0.00003003335],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999726,0.000003821587,0.000003706539,0.000003512649,0.00001009807,0.000006250268],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001435,0.0001657493,0.002422916,0.0003481814,0.00002407844,0.0003344814,0.00006692661,0.00354122,0.9025978,0.01257624,0.0005239533,0.07725482],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008226702,0.0001226717,0.004048491,0.00006263923,0.00002184116,0.000339126,0.0001637526,0.00292527,0.9559672,0.00789657,0.02843347,0.00001067677],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9353169,0.013756,0.01278056,0.0005411208,0.0001952903,0.00002707031,0.0004735217,0.00006131898,0.03684827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9744964,0.007881678,0.005839802,0.00003678585,0.00002335274,0.00001331818,0.0003849209,0.00001896053,0.01130491],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001472321,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00492543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00682833603782896,"score_gpt":0.1821404453164077,"score_spread":0.1753121092785787,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}