{"id":"W2612983760","doi":"10.7202/1073019ar","title":"Constructive Thinking versus Critical Thinking: A Classroom Comparison","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paideusis","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Constructive; Mathematics education; Psychology; Epistemology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Philosophy; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003855279,0.0004727343,0.001005345,0.002661193,0.001620246,0.004530403,0.001241459,0.001052169,0.01398025],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03394559,0.0001873928,0.0003285971,0.001228733,0.002023052,0.002478813,0.003013155,0.002125301,0.001119172],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002463922,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002422974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002109102,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003260687,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9959306,0.001954444,0.0002305898,0.0003794611,0.001121488,0.0003834968],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9651841,0.02646947,0.001406591,0.001208446,0.003764277,0.001967135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01440464,0.01961995,0.0922925,0.003099048,0.0003218638,0.00120964,0.1113444,0.001659546,0.01672817,0.2293302,0.01144019,0.4985498],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005097173,0.02093709,0.3361099,0.002735484,0.001004531,0.002180477,0.3113898,0.01107792,0.03994107,0.1786446,0.09058532,0.0002967496],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9017089,0.002316046,0.003858867,0.001159742,0.0002927231,0.0003467259,0.0001712497,0.0001135478,0.09003224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992729,0.0006012056,0.001364054,0.000174566,0.0000547708,0.0002217649,0.00008975095,0.00004433927,0.004720422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01398025,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04676855,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09308616259679896,"score_gpt":0.3891617821477804,"score_spread":0.2960756195509814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}