{"id":"W2612983760","doi":"10.7202/1073019ar","title":"Constructive Thinking versus Critical Thinking: A Classroom Comparison","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Paideusis","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Institute for Christian Studies","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Constructive; Mathematics education; Psychology; Epistemology; Pedagogy; Computer science; Philosophy; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007060917,0.0001376974,0.0002394442,0.00004221022,0.001188289,0.0002679931,0.0004110642,0.0001305226,0.00137827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006492774,0.0001431117,0.00009215566,0.0003936022,0.0005313146,0.000201498,0.0001037877,0.0003394583,0.0004016164],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001551403,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004243463,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001828648,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001150603,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977866,0.0003237491,0.0002997351,0.000339654,0.0008133391,0.0004369021],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974385,0.001766107,0.00005294125,0.0001228322,0.0002100288,0.0004095281],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000465677,0.00006482979,0.008071956,0.0000175905,0.00003642007,0.00000595114,0.1424009,0.000001838806,0.00001240972,0.8368003,0.008519187,0.004022083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001072793,0.0001628814,0.002248684,0.0001065091,0.0001240323,0.000001378175,0.2060776,0.000339402,0.0002489375,0.2741875,0.5147002,0.0007301011],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07431948,0.0006302539,0.02223925,0.4984747,0.01068596,0.000611323,0.00001512724,0.001430488,0.3915934],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9688564,0.00002477201,0.0236675,0.006562,0.0007668387,0.00001619368,0.000005053005,0.00001441561,0.00008684636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8945369,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995346,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09308616259679896,"score_gpt":0.3891617821477804,"score_spread":0.2960756195509814,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}