{"id":"W2613502141","doi":"10.1002/nem.1977","title":"Botnet behaviour analysis: How would a data analytics‐based system with minimum a priori information perform?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Network Management","topic":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Botnet; Computer science; A priori and a posteriori; Payload (computing); Data mining; Network topology; Information flow; Command and control; Network packet; Machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Computer security; The Internet; Computer network","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001136263,0.0001739635,0.0002782734,0.0005378518,0.0003234051,0.002014482,0.004454443,0.00008408129,0.000015615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002253602,0.0001397617,0.0001500643,0.000368559,0.00004521174,0.003913187,0.0008998608,0.0003535172,0.000009143168],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001895398,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006279002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002476722,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005451826,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997656,0.00005722023,0.0005486497,0.0002402603,0.001253149,0.0002447056],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963802,0.00002908814,0.001619329,0.001260701,0.0005970056,0.0001136788],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001361599,0.0005234279,0.0654688,0.0001928175,0.01511143,0.001593644,0.0007209649,0.4736476,0.000004062718,0.0513286,0.05058553,0.3394616],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001106914,0.0002001364,0.03548442,0.000246081,0.0005400752,0.00006817321,0.0001088577,0.9349154,0.000006325571,0.00009149744,0.02704102,0.0001910859],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01542298,0.00007562125,0.976207,0.004214823,0.002052584,0.0002067309,0.00001105136,0.00004777346,0.001761428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9764634,0.00007267079,0.02235511,0.0003237426,0.000653078,0.00000500335,0.00003189823,0.000006253512,0.00008888896],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9610404,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990215,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02731259170435204,"score_gpt":0.2659730075487854,"score_spread":0.2386604158444334,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}