{"id":"W2614056253","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1618567114","title":"Carbon dioxide sources from Alaska driven by increasing early winter respiration from Arctic tundra","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":248,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"U.S. Department of the Interior; U.S. Geological Survey; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Tundra; Permafrost; Environmental science; Arctic; Ecosystem; Carbon dioxide; Ecosystem respiration; Climate change; Atmospheric sciences; Carbon cycle; Soil water; Terrestrial ecosystem; Climatology; Soil respiration; The arctic; Greenhouse gas; Oceanography; Ecology; Primary production; Soil science; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002481089,0.0004349693,0.0002292655,0.0006185386,0.0005845936,0.0007123425,0.0002569199,0.000393985,0.002506885],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002895979,0.0002045962,0.0002925333,0.0005360168,0.0002396892,0.0004306677,0.000510015,0.0003341543,0.0002640047],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007855558,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005148506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04542368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06159113,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999266,0.000009062458,0.000007314846,0.00002805709,0.0000160947,0.00001293586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998485,0.00003043601,0.00003030191,0.00001324093,0.00004661474,0.00003093972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001242813,0.0001264458,0.6938177,0.0003060458,0.0003609485,0.002219722,0.0006284924,0.01581179,0.2600001,0.001253493,0.00193764,0.0222949],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003080711,0.00006124599,0.9759326,0.00003723421,0.0001324053,0.0001989537,0.0004203441,0.008506334,0.01164968,0.0008513127,0.00214301,0.00003615181],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9949571,0.0005108017,0.0003096485,0.0002026061,0.00004621008,0.000004771941,0.0009253553,0.00005538604,0.002988118],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985315,0.000223895,0.000147454,0.00004415487,0.00001742906,0.000002817495,0.0005942968,0.000009519474,0.0004290425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04542368,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09031856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05161894240183443,"score_gpt":0.272462930030229,"score_spread":0.2208439876283946,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}