{"id":"W2616331821","doi":"10.1177/1477878517701748","title":"Should the public pay for higher education? Equality, liberty, and educational debt","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Theory and Research in Education","topic":"Political Philosophy and Ethics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Spencer Foundation","keywords":"Debt; Student debt; Socioeconomic status; Attendance; Economics; Higher education; Order (exchange); School choice; Sociology; Public economics; Political science; Economic growth; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01073837,0.00006267415,0.00007311981,0.0001026394,0.003051511,0.0005357997,0.0004047811,0.0001273788,0.0001301205],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003416406,0.0000401564,0.00002062046,0.0001078642,0.001860391,0.0004455696,0.0001046193,0.000391824,0.00001033129],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008915105,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002612341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001092085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003678701,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976749,0.001319194,0.0001295136,0.0002031154,0.0003196665,0.0003536221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956576,0.003512,0.00004747801,0.0003028618,0.0002753462,0.0002047102],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002184953,0.0002249223,0.002140516,0.00003596342,0.000004376837,1.841327e-8,0.0041033,2.536266e-8,0.000006524374,0.9656242,0.002396353,0.02544192],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006173654,0.00001387701,0.03068185,0.00002989435,0.000003100974,4.576785e-7,0.002817773,0.000001167758,0.000006170713,0.8232246,0.1431058,0.00005361537],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08132848,0.001125037,0.000007775936,0.7494025,0.001347084,0.0005538906,0.000006214671,0.000009483256,0.1662195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9728534,0.0003810024,0.00005564078,0.001319063,0.00186771,0.000265796,0.000008554399,0.000006561342,0.02324227],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8915249,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9982464,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3624102140516351,"score_gpt":0.5598943693979985,"score_spread":0.1974841553463634,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}