{"id":"W2617262097","doi":"10.1257/aer.20181491","title":"Patronage and Selection in Public Sector Organizations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":261,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Discretion; Politics; Public sector; Regression discontinuity design; Economics; Competence (human resources); Selection (genetic algorithm); Political science; Management; Economy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005741754,0.00007044243,0.0002013261,0.00004003553,0.00004901947,0.00006517713,0.00005900519,0.000005567352,0.0003754646],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005572364,0.00006844181,0.00001859124,0.0004402955,0.00004240044,0.0003544221,0.00004869256,0.00003462503,0.0003524327],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000236353,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001313057,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001068044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001280248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995477,0.000006988884,0.0001727672,0.000157736,0.00002323702,0.00009152111],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997846,0.000008369601,0.000136509,0.0000364979,0.00002441192,0.000009626906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005521505,0.00002967055,0.5694199,0.001569975,0.00005572461,0.000001171027,0.0000817667,0.00009805765,0.00005930808,0.03704749,0.04996998,0.3416614],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001468392,0.000008402834,0.2358319,0.0001027389,0.00002000788,9.103828e-7,0.0001068369,0.003203246,5.85589e-7,0.0001849199,0.7602288,0.0001648383],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5149174,0.03943384,0.002483831,0.3063781,0.000335468,0.002439061,0.000007656976,0.0006761069,0.1333285],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9761856,0.007312758,0.00006662717,0.01612198,0.0002436269,0.00001832283,0.000005722588,0.00001096784,0.00003442997],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7102588,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4529928,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02928425498718398,"score_gpt":0.2308870962360184,"score_spread":0.2016028412488344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}