{"id":"W2617262097","doi":"10.1257/aer.20181491","title":"Patronage and Selection in Public Sector Organizations","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":261,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Bureaucracy; Discretion; Politics; Public sector; Regression discontinuity design; Economics; Competence (human resources); Selection (genetic algorithm); Political science; Management; Economy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004213817,0.00009838673,0.0003253086,0.001692006,0.001521858,0.002072765,0.0003897623,0.0008658548,0.01072926],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02319964,0.0001941485,0.0002669565,0.002303402,0.002285658,0.001044242,0.002017027,0.0007887991,0.0006409205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00124271,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001080562,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006504044,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006370479,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996089,0.001758982,0.0002161976,0.0004291659,0.0006828182,0.0008239235],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9664091,0.01128462,0.016491,0.001397099,0.001219271,0.003198973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001751198,0.0003073539,0.9480146,0.00004825941,0.00004871488,0.0002357114,0.004709417,0.0008093496,0.0004497577,0.01679132,0.001433274,0.02697711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003240818,0.0001166873,0.9819753,0.0000527057,0.00001641587,0.0001393773,0.00385136,0.001716072,0.0001552864,0.008456481,0.003475599,0.00001225521],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9890212,0.0002758183,0.0009271945,0.001191647,0.00001045224,0.00002618961,0.00006771329,0.00001170278,0.008467937],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991317,0.00005060137,0.00004549672,0.00003934721,0.00001471193,0.00000593098,0.00002053467,0.000001660827,0.0006900056],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01072926,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0358929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02928425498718398,"score_gpt":0.2308870962360184,"score_spread":0.2016028412488344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}