{"id":"W2618817952","doi":"10.1177/0741713617697423","title":"Does Nonformal Education Matter? Nonformal Education, Immigration, and Skills in Canada","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Adult Education Quarterly","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Numeracy; Immigration; Adult education; Adult literacy; Literacy; Psychology; Gerontology; Medical education; Pedagogy; Medicine; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002639001,0.0001751512,0.0001585478,0.0001599062,0.001020776,0.0005420199,0.0003800387,0.00009819374,0.0003983073],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001204699,0.0001496353,0.00003091085,0.000160194,0.0001455495,0.001748328,0.0000125032,0.0001505152,0.00006325366],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00068911,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02427873,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9247004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9944956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985073,0.00008970345,0.0004545519,0.0002828903,0.0003393851,0.000326211],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981794,0.00004255623,0.0003907653,0.0004644064,0.0006750003,0.0002479255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001077323,0.00043647,0.4872243,0.00004570922,0.000009179771,1.828531e-7,0.1205406,0.000001929059,0.00001356603,0.04737815,0.02804494,0.3162943],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002024971,0.00002941071,0.6727143,0.00008575022,0.00001246736,0.000002539849,0.2421834,0.0001385597,0.00001470694,0.00126587,0.0830323,0.000318224],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9562613,0.00004393608,0.00004793224,0.0180376,0.004004369,0.0004940297,0.00001714701,0.0000218223,0.02107188],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.976793,0.00009866096,0.0003407425,0.003436775,0.0005511583,0.0001692322,0.0001304456,0.00001340119,0.01846657],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3159761,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9812527,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.001890654205994047,"score_gpt":0.2545181382049919,"score_spread":0.2526274839989978,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}