{"id":"W2625791658","doi":"10.1287/isre.2017.0704","title":"Thinking About Measures and Measurement in Positivist Research: A Proposal for Refocusing on Fundamentals","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Information Systems Research","topic":"Qualitative Comparative Analysis Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Positivism; Epistemology; Computer science; Qualitative research; Sociology; Data science; Management science; Knowledge management; Social science; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1053949,0.0001360209,0.000320317,0.001510122,0.007112758,0.005367564,0.0009922473,0.0001268421,0.00001812544],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01398956,0.0001183142,0.00005930465,0.0006333553,0.001485631,0.002477854,0.0003138323,0.0007339343,0.000191654],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001896336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001354922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01340332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007570386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9840162,0.005913473,0.0006683202,0.0003174557,0.008040481,0.001044034],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916232,0.001563782,0.0002386083,0.0005335617,0.005810298,0.0002305486],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006271269,0.0001596957,0.006578377,0.0004941717,0.0001328504,0.000006969826,0.2085075,0.00006950377,0.001757541,0.7437261,0.01029503,0.0276451],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003942749,0.001222791,0.05632693,0.004083626,0.00001203936,0.000003221362,0.3894126,0.005243477,0.003075663,0.03338238,0.5024619,0.000832662],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.259845,0.001458126,0.004909513,0.02388227,0.0005363346,0.01477789,0.0000932374,0.0001244243,0.6943732],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998006,0.00007656479,0.0001645397,0.00002385931,0.0001754715,0.0006600728,0.000007263247,0.00001110883,0.0008750772],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.738161,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.995665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6515199979679164,"score_gpt":0.5993864939105037,"score_spread":0.05213350405741268,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}