{"id":"W2626116174","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3118","title":"Open Educational Resources and Student Course Outcomes: A Multilevel Analysis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Open Education and E-Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Open educational resources; Open education; Class size; Multilevel model; Medical education; Higher education; Distance education; Community college; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Political science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["scholarly_communication","open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007303186,0.0001015185,0.0003205875,0.0001580297,0.0008053167,0.002949626,0.006394602,0.00002682276,0.0001992537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003167826,0.00007080086,0.00005020088,0.0003550664,0.000222015,0.0009440201,0.006344008,0.0005010613,0.00001478596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006522975,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002618621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001857541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001095446,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977792,0.0005606824,0.0003605615,0.0003696441,0.0007205079,0.0002094205],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9976022,0.0009916382,0.0003281915,0.0005404214,0.0004273503,0.0001102307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001855204,0.0002485573,0.9151981,0.0001587992,0.0002679831,0.000004097767,0.001083856,0.00009002097,0.000005461779,0.05879427,0.001485564,0.02264472],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000483667,0.00003511367,0.9620765,0.001327992,0.00002703918,0.00000524468,0.003382336,0.004664903,0.000002871146,0.001002337,0.02689305,0.00009888357],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4713096,0.01456809,0.002305437,0.4013855,0.0005182899,0.003414042,0.0000717115,0.00003158984,0.1063958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899508,0.006565424,0.0008884104,0.0002722545,0.00002594165,0.00009707519,0.00004534093,0.00000463343,0.002150104],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5186412,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989813,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246417534494304,"score_gpt":0.5216956609113534,"score_spread":0.397053907461923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}