{"id":"W2626116174","doi":"10.19173/irrodl.v18i4.3118","title":"Open Educational Resources and Student Course Outcomes: A Multilevel Analysis","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning","topic":"Open Education and E-Learning","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":78,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Open educational resources; Open education; Class size; Multilevel model; Medical education; Higher education; Distance education; Community college; Mathematics education; Psychology; Computer science; Pedagogy; Political science; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["open_science"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008798695,0.0006957014,0.001496958,0.002548635,0.001896071,0.00254718,0.002952395,0.00163415,0.009877215],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01907573,0.0005247231,0.004328848,0.004170157,0.0008181608,0.001901026,0.003014557,0.004219048,0.001194453],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00167138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002298963,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05317282,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0388523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9901233,0.004171642,0.0005431088,0.001571385,0.001884568,0.001706024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9791949,0.01127914,0.003709143,0.001961582,0.001820468,0.002034714],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004742712,0.000746533,0.9757534,0.0001650776,0.002908478,0.0001783866,0.001712793,0.001578883,0.0002724555,0.001706336,0.004852827,0.009650515],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001489106,0.001332815,0.9604332,0.0002481565,0.00185481,0.0001154231,0.00483469,0.02368483,0.000298165,0.001500712,0.005443972,0.0001042988],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864641,0.0006301101,0.003806619,0.001013119,0.00009002454,0.0002507765,0.005064567,0.00007652622,0.002604084],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9931657,0.0001747549,0.001638579,0.0001499405,0.00004846538,0.0004343762,0.002305872,0.00005270428,0.002029582],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9970476,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1057267,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1246417534494304,"score_gpt":0.5216956609113534,"score_spread":0.397053907461923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}