{"id":"W2626731168","doi":"10.1002/lno.10585","title":"Grand challenges for research in the Laurentian Great Lakes","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Limnology and Oceanography","topic":"Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":104,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"College of Engineering, Michigan State University; Grand Valley State University; Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada; Michigan State University","keywords":"Pace; Grand Challenges; Ecosystem; Climate change; Scale (ratio); Temporal scales; Habitat; Environmental resource management; Geography; Ecology; Environmental science; Political science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04479179,0.0007465741,0.001130465,0.002440318,0.009143924,0.01379516,0.003344791,0.0104265,0.006808009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03103149,0.0004708982,0.0008997722,0.003025827,0.01588261,0.01241032,0.01394289,0.01204423,0.0009951631],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01639954,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04226622,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02877701,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.033595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9797937,0.01115774,0.0008303152,0.00175101,0.003625499,0.002841719],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9586393,0.02503257,0.001818308,0.001547893,0.006099103,0.006862849],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000889201,0.0001067801,0.003765197,0.001150691,0.00009952958,0.0006585362,0.02864517,0.0007329595,0.0008966902,0.2836341,0.5645912,0.1156302],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001775441,0.00005188983,0.003237034,0.001517206,0.00002298775,0.00009821937,0.01878962,0.0002556054,0.0002177333,0.1044664,0.8712734,0.00005215705],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.004707989,0.0329815,0.0008882666,0.949049,0.004538492,0.00002410539,0.00008292717,0.0000425687,0.007685199],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2777849,0.1234956,0.0165,0.5050673,0.03632635,0.0007090103,0.0005932409,0.0002882091,0.03923541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.971223,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2368845,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1036337301046075,"score_gpt":0.3400104477863728,"score_spread":0.2363767176817653,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}