{"id":"W2630171565","doi":"10.3386/w23775","title":"Personalized Pricing and Consumer Welfare","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Neubauer Family Foundation","keywords":"Welfare; Economics; Consumer welfare; Business; Public economics; Marketing; Advertising; Microeconomics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003164187,0.0003366662,0.0004686351,0.0004609538,0.0004883396,0.001380733,0.0006341509,0.001091991,0.00465669],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01473031,0.000189359,0.0005363965,0.0008132286,0.001808263,0.002047705,0.0009871949,0.001818384,0.0002168596],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001901181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007189388,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002311532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002293302,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984934,0.0007994282,0.00002828554,0.0002347051,0.0002090172,0.0002350333],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9894455,0.007486382,0.001338797,0.001247323,0.0002935799,0.0001884494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001475186,0.002510981,0.118868,0.0002166959,0.0004937089,0.000371038,0.000955416,0.2583887,0.005021912,0.437954,0.007100679,0.1666437],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002341888,0.0007690699,0.06147938,0.00004337966,0.0001331067,0.0001257136,0.0005629682,0.3368864,0.0026516,0.5916606,0.005386881,0.0000667241],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9344106,0.0003811813,0.04121915,0.003019234,0.00003604844,0.00007290992,0.0003179531,0.00009046025,0.02045242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9972554,0.00008620817,0.001649193,0.0002026848,0.00001435751,0.00002333069,0.000046238,0.00000765468,0.0007149404],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00465669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.016734,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3136301451322965,"score_gpt":0.4760185654698237,"score_spread":0.1623884203375272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}