{"id":"W2630171565","doi":"10.3386/w23775","title":"Personalized Pricing and Consumer Welfare","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Consumer Market Behavior and Pricing","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Neubauer Family Foundation","keywords":"Welfare; Economics; Consumer welfare; Business; Public economics; Marketing; Advertising; Microeconomics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005532853,0.0002492716,0.0005490289,0.001169506,0.0006279643,0.0005210864,0.0005216129,0.0002883401,0.001689565],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00177798,0.0002529575,0.0001529183,0.0001072713,0.0004834572,0.0006007442,0.0005520501,0.0006610414,0.0001412725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000356516,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001186407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01020226,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004133012,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972045,0.00003742301,0.0005276749,0.0005481554,0.001292352,0.0003898792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964899,0.0004063843,0.0005897476,0.0003649909,0.002121301,0.00002769035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003560207,0.0001754482,0.1863637,0.004434598,0.0007879605,0.00005684368,0.000103026,0.00001084678,0.0002305481,0.399651,0.2839308,0.1238992],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008164216,0.000009039658,0.03129419,0.0003430432,0.0001135319,0.00002204201,0.00009336851,0.0002940968,0.000008039769,0.02417124,0.942417,0.0004180286],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01599735,0.001994489,0.000001086033,0.001504402,0.0007041481,0.0005158128,0.00003432838,0.000028989,0.9792194],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9796225,0.001030375,0.00004343026,0.00004144304,0.001736691,0.0000613039,0.0003235237,0.00006240098,0.0170783],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9636252,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999923,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3136301451322965,"score_gpt":0.4760185654698237,"score_spread":0.1623884203375272,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}