{"id":"W2733730613","doi":"10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.180","title":"Measurement of air void system in lightweight concrete by X-ray computed tomography","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Construction and Building Materials","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Foundation for Innovation","keywords":"Void (composites); Voxel; Local Void; Materials science; Tomography; Grayscale; Porosity; Aggregate (composite); Computer science; Composite material; Geometry; Mathematics; Optics; Artificial intelligence; Physics; Pixel; Two-phase flow","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002268775,0.00009099764,0.0002263182,0.00005164915,0.00009459772,0.00005591404,0.00009047377,0.00004984831,0.000006189729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001188979,0.00008468751,0.00002305334,0.00004504743,0.00008903154,0.00006753447,0.00002383707,0.00003559553,0.000001351682],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001760282,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003945978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000458932,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.973055e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994287,0.00003101829,0.0002335766,0.0001189204,0.00008664586,0.0001011619],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996281,0.0000120045,0.00009339541,0.0001848446,0.00004304955,0.0000386441],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003361791,0.000001847171,0.0005478478,0.0001432104,0.00001535813,2.000741e-7,0.00001072778,0.00001356417,0.9913915,0.004484922,0.00004340163,0.00334407],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003123458,0.000009381901,0.01598139,0.0002259253,0.00001326013,0.000002949476,0.00003153727,0.0002081668,0.9816476,0.0002082346,0.001249569,0.0001096648],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.992474,0.0001081596,0.006428028,0.00003552452,0.0005188728,0.0001441628,0.00002968021,0.00007991253,0.0001816172],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9848167,0.00001463998,0.01507983,0.000003036163,0.00005567722,0.00001917165,0.000001748863,0.000008339221,8.951295e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01543354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3453456,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01153487702092907,"score_gpt":0.2278253777911339,"score_spread":0.2162905007702048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}