{"id":"W2734723369","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2017.06.096","title":"Investigation of ignition characteristics and performance of a neat n-butanol direct injection compression ignition engine at low load","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Canada Foundation for Innovation; University of Windsor","keywords":"Mean effective pressure; Ignition system; Homogeneous charge compression ignition; Diesel engine; n-Butanol; Combustion; Carbureted compression ignition model engine; Bar (unit); NOx; Ignition timing; Diesel fuel; Compression ratio; Materials science; Automotive engineering; Chemistry; Butanol; Combustion chamber; Thermodynamics; Physics; Ethanol; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007363094,0.0001270005,0.0002082547,0.00008271076,0.0001040898,0.00001024848,0.0001152131,0.0001208645,0.00001276041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003050089,0.0001283531,0.00002820317,0.00006839459,0.0001433293,0.0003050341,0.0001066878,0.0001313927,0.000004125684],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009288309,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000102044,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008582189,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":9.816077e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992974,0.000009111846,0.0002542584,0.0001555732,0.0001657781,0.0001178717],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991616,0.00004624562,0.0003056088,0.0003058815,0.0001475568,0.00003313493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001058026,0.00002158974,0.01192913,0.0008583861,0.00001758624,0.000001046201,0.0001860659,0.003184731,0.9732805,0.0001130004,0.00002128895,0.0102808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004984044,0.0001421976,0.06051546,0.0005243359,0.0000253623,0.000008797478,0.00002474623,0.123316,0.8144538,0.0003057307,0.0000262414,0.0001589149],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9940751,0.00006431898,0.005066879,0.00002740421,0.0001122084,0.0001238903,0.00003206763,0.0001868705,0.0003113078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979704,0.0001667846,0.001666761,0.000004188457,0.00003874706,0.00001681635,0.00005161826,0.00001674067,0.00006796567],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1588268,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5234086,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01674319729140258,"score_gpt":0.2244379891597454,"score_spread":0.2076947918683428,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}