{"id":"W2735512713","doi":"10.1111/fmii.12081","title":"Managerial gaming of stock and option grants","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Financial Markets Institutions and Instruments","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"","keywords":"Equity (law); Stock (firearms); Business; Stock price; Stock options; Economics; Finance; Political science; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001544863,0.0001324887,0.0001799497,0.00009318588,0.0008619164,0.0002056145,0.0001658467,0.00006603444,0.00001825829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000171059,0.0001314835,0.00003188038,0.00008276076,0.0002560032,0.001733477,0.0002210923,0.00007005166,0.000008672189],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001362061,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003784682,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005306144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001532397,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992541,0.000003436116,0.000211932,0.0002268333,0.0001322835,0.000171432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993088,0.000003996922,0.0003746256,0.0002467407,0.00005364284,0.00001225881],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002784058,0.000114198,0.3194553,0.0002822606,0.00001924328,0.00001604314,0.00002590429,0.000004135213,0.0004891147,0.2555719,0.0008900854,0.4228534],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000977009,0.00001262705,0.9095479,0.0001672943,0.00002440056,0.000002669634,0.000006441779,0.0003324126,0.0000347712,0.001960369,0.08678973,0.0001443297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9856286,0.00004531383,0.0004129666,0.0001677518,0.0008410529,0.0001878752,0.00002658631,0.00001738916,0.01267247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988896,0.0002300588,0.0001993477,0.0001236028,0.0003585223,0.00001283349,0.000008281842,0.000006890038,0.0001708843],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5900927,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6629251,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02606710096854973,"score_gpt":0.2383012282752397,"score_spread":0.21223412730669,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}