{"id":"W2738258392","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.195","title":"Rethinking aqueous phase diffusion related isotope fractionation: Contrasting theoretical effects with observations at the field scale","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Diabetes Research Institute Foundation","keywords":"Isotopologue; Observable; Dispersion (optics); Diffusion; Aquifer; Chemistry; Isotope; Fractionation; Plume; Environmental chemistry; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Geology; Chromatography; Physics; Groundwater; Thermodynamics; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00137459,0.000592204,0.000490639,0.0004661401,0.0004179119,0.0007673593,0.001738672,0.0009151236,0.001485745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003922136,0.0003175137,0.0003654275,0.0003797509,0.001598214,0.002749889,0.00082258,0.001319434,0.0001819244],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001021101,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005316257,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004919559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003601518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997926,0.00004691612,0.0000122212,0.00008701918,0.00004314517,0.00001806438],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9979981,0.001581147,0.00009931481,0.0001975612,0.0000957591,0.00002805061],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001138668,0.000798278,0.03328542,0.001517205,0.0002770079,0.0006036413,0.001414581,0.09869399,0.5956832,0.1536551,0.001500613,0.1114322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001962674,0.000422866,0.01764494,0.0000603904,0.0001763155,0.0003167069,0.0006393105,0.601474,0.1980966,0.1748293,0.006036959,0.0001063463],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9026023,0.002205518,0.08404201,0.003760359,0.0002384296,0.00004400799,0.0001915726,0.000354108,0.006561731],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942335,0.0007499423,0.004438638,0.0001839544,0.00004121326,0.000009371735,0.00004326996,0.0000395407,0.0002605476],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004919559,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009781837,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009957129794247694,"score_gpt":0.2284084227516945,"score_spread":0.2184512929574468,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}