{"id":"W2738849507","doi":"10.1093/mnras/stx1812","title":"A transient search using combined human and machine classifications","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society","topic":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":51,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Queen's University; Johns Hopkins University; Queen's University Belfast; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; National Central University; Space Telescope Science Institute; Durham University; Smithsonian Institution; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Transient (computer programming); Convolutional neural network; Identification (biology); Software deployment; Supernova; Artificial neural network; Noise (video); Physics; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Data mining; Data science; Machine learning; Computer science; Artificial intelligence; Telescope; Astronomy; Software engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004041738,0.001009102,0.001115135,0.00363996,0.0008583798,0.003125759,0.001196238,0.001677451,0.002284525],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00809378,0.0004338905,0.0005673033,0.002384711,0.0007480529,0.003344286,0.002091792,0.0007458882,0.002110945],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000647633,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001474432,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006222466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01089749,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965515,0.001141544,0.0001713582,0.001091684,0.0007225403,0.0003213785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.994876,0.001831722,0.0007324146,0.001087905,0.001069459,0.0004025874],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001124736,0.0008464814,0.1424486,0.0003613063,0.0005745261,0.000373691,0.001157067,0.01229418,0.03099788,0.001777784,0.01207513,0.7959686],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001249191,0.0009657284,0.1274442,0.0001948595,0.0005008102,0.0009860303,0.001364616,0.8038526,0.02902316,0.01155668,0.02378964,0.0001968694],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5739254,0.00147773,0.3808672,0.002140094,0.000251526,0.000587822,0.001765864,0.01619384,0.02279061],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.860844,0.0002140458,0.1324627,0.0003057375,0.000144985,0.00009536054,0.001185647,0.0001662542,0.004581294],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006222466,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.021375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03131752021626792,"score_gpt":0.2608861684238655,"score_spread":0.2295686482075976,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}