{"id":"W2738876158","doi":"10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00426","title":"Low Buffer Capacity and Alternating Motility along the Human Gastrointestinal Tract: Implications for <i>in Vivo</i> Dissolution and Absorption of Ionizable Drugs","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Molecular Pharmaceutics","topic":"Drug Solubulity and Delivery Systems","field":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics","cited_by":130,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","keywords":"Jejunum; Duodenum; Chemistry; In vivo; Dissolution; Stomach; Ibuprofen; Dissolution testing; Dosage form; Chromatography; Human gastrointestinal tract; Gastrointestinal tract; Bicarbonate; Absorption (acoustics); Pharmacology; Medicine; Internal medicine; Biochemistry; Materials science; Biopharmaceutics Classification System; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001443636,0.0001990439,0.0002537969,0.00005514018,0.0009015758,0.0000817293,0.0003012978,0.0001226034,0.00002079261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001619699,0.000184732,0.00007927995,0.0000560432,0.0005245243,0.0002019893,0.0001309928,0.0004535,0.000001316519],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000547915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003055119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002951868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008533172,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984617,0.0002732721,0.0004430354,0.0003367981,0.0001203089,0.000364891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987072,0.0002776838,0.0003688584,0.0003558546,0.0001463785,0.0001440733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008999442,0.0004350175,0.3231607,0.000420374,0.00005496814,0.000006779425,0.0009697085,0.0007125759,0.6660364,0.004390324,0.0001435742,0.003579558],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007515065,0.0002625051,0.3215467,0.0003370069,0.0006124091,0.0003870079,0.0004903318,0.1060886,0.5477057,0.007516982,0.006821301,0.000716408],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993051,0.0003135003,0.003426026,0.001263773,0.0002065829,0.0008444652,0.0001967583,0.00002617053,0.0006717177],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989485,0.00009764758,0.0003523278,0.0003391216,0.00007916177,0.00007582105,0.00001453438,0.0000187178,0.00007418775],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1183307,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7533151,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1059700953341727,"score_gpt":0.4130351071011738,"score_spread":0.3070650117670011,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}