{"id":"W2739361354","doi":"10.5169/seals-791093","title":"Alphabets and the principle of least effort","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"HOPE (Hauptbibliothek Open Publishing Environment) (University of Zurich)","topic":"Media, Communication, and Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Zipf's law; Meaning (existential); Semiotics; Alphabet; Rank (graph theory); Representation (politics); Word (group theory); Computer science; Linguistics; Order (exchange); Epistemology; Cognitive science; Artificial intelligence; Natural language processing; Psychology; Mathematics; Philosophy; Combinatorics; Statistics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002960693,0.00009047075,0.0002196379,0.0003675844,0.0007220263,0.0004065441,0.001640764,0.0000899358,0.0008385369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001588611,0.00008654167,0.00005690771,0.0008700322,0.001050317,0.003007427,0.0006067153,0.0001407869,0.00001398277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008724897,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001726389,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03752443,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005230032,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986095,0.0003653983,0.0001766684,0.0002060704,0.0004360611,0.0002063365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987172,0.000317379,0.0003367307,0.0004863246,0.00005534869,0.0000869727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004322093,0.00111523,0.250031,0.0001294776,0.0002086752,0.000003480096,0.1130799,0.0003007556,0.0002902006,0.4608991,0.1542307,0.01927934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002087735,0.00003616066,0.2960869,0.00004585378,0.00007617952,0.000001216141,0.02464574,0.00009693429,0.00004318419,0.005040803,0.6716257,0.0002135651],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8099687,0.0007512574,0.000782128,0.009586269,0.0001269684,0.0007512626,0.00001925595,0.00002764918,0.1779866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878481,0.002079846,0.002975945,0.00007602089,0.00006338023,0.000001514058,0.00003195698,0.00001019872,0.006913029],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.517395,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9688848,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0177479135535921,"score_gpt":0.2492799596932326,"score_spread":0.2315320461396405,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}