{"id":"W2740809312","doi":"10.5539/ijel.v7n5p207","title":"The Pragmatics of Deception in American Presidential Electoral Speeches","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of English Linguistics","topic":"Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Pragmatics; Grice; Deception; Presupposition; Equivocation; Presidential system; Implicature; Metaphor; Psychology; Representation (politics); Cooperative principle; Framing (construction); Persuasion; Epistemology; Politics; Social psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Political science; Law; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004594226,0.0000760636,0.0001511816,0.00009613819,0.0001710426,0.0005771141,0.001126075,0.0000192085,0.000068924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03379039,0.00005525701,0.00007757323,0.00001264425,0.0005636688,0.0001494913,0.00009633982,0.0002181965,0.000001867831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004993844,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001187327,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003162315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003711517,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99884,0.00006191317,0.0005319166,0.00005064952,0.000418889,0.00009656911],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9892644,0.0003028778,0.001324074,0.00026963,0.008812856,0.00002614188],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002543429,0.0003298667,0.02066614,0.00002188561,0.0004042553,0.0000351738,0.03473506,0.0002924115,0.0000489864,0.9274175,0.009080316,0.006714114],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001876684,0.000359431,0.04372401,0.0003459147,0.0001396796,0.000004868609,0.04366271,0.0003861449,0.001648103,0.04151488,0.8659828,0.0003547317],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6876017,0.0005759893,0.0001644333,0.0004847331,0.02567104,0.000172351,0.00006135234,0.00002382313,0.2852445],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917317,0.0001477128,0.0005898572,0.00001763121,0.007251919,0.000001059994,0.000003699443,0.000009254621,0.0002471641],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8859026,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9743484,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03341213279040274,"score_gpt":0.3383025118456092,"score_spread":0.3048903790552064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}