{"id":"W2743318307","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31833-0","title":"Global, regional, and national under-5 mortality, adult mortality, age-specific mortality, and life expectancy, 1970–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"Global Maternal and Child Health","field":"Medicine","cited_by":831,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Institute of Genetics; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; National Cancer Institute; National Human Genome Research Institute; National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Aging; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Queensland Brain Institute; National Health and Medical Research Council; Economic and Social Research Council; Uppsala Universitet; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Russian Academy of Sciences; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh; National University of Singapore; Wollega University; National Institutes of Health; University of Health and Allied Sciences; Aswan University; Arak University of Medical Sciences; Rede de Química e Tecnologia; Brown University; Western Sydney University; Wageningen University and Research; Samara University; Arkansas State University; H. Lundbeck A/S; Alborz University of Medical Sciences; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; Children's Hospital of Michigan; University of Thessaly; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Ethiopian Public Health Association; Christian Medical College, Vellore; University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust; Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance; Horizon Pharmaceuticals; Universität Ulm; University of Peradeniya; Universidade de São Paulo; Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina; Università degli Studi di Salerno; Addis Ababa University; Alfaisal University; United Arab Emirates University; University of Gondar; University of the Philippines; Medical Research Council; Sri Ramachandra University; University of Massachusetts Boston; Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas; Alzheimer's Association; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; University of Delhi; United States Agency for International Development; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences; Flinders University; Universität Bielefeld; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Foundation for Education and European Culture; Universitetet i Oslo; Astellas Pharma; European Regional Development Fund; Karolinska Institutet; Regione Toscana; Massachusetts General Hospital; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Taipei Medical University; Inyuvesi Yakwazulu-Natali; University College London; Korea Health Industry Development Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Hawassa University; Kuwait University; Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit; Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences; Stockholms Läns Landsting; Seoul National University Hospital; Tampereen Yliopisto; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre; Generalitat Valenciana; Göteborgs Universitet; Eusko Jaurlaritza; Department for International Development; Kyung Hee University; Yonsei University; Soonchunhyang University; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Queensland University of Technology; Universidad de Costa Rica; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena; Sahlgrenska Akademin; Universiteit Gent; James Cook University; Griffith University; Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde; Oklahoma State University; Monash University; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond; Universität Heidelberg; European Commission; University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Public Health Agency; Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Swansea University; Norwegian Institute of Public Health; United Nations Population Fund; International Society of Nephrology; University of Glasgow; School of Medicine, Wayne State University; University of Oxford; Indian Council of Medical Research; Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medicum; King's College London; Imperial College London; Golestan University of Medical Sciences; American University of Beirut; National Research Foundation; National Institute for Health and Care Research; Universitetet i Bergen; Simmons College; Public Health Wales; Jordan University of Science and Technology; GE Foundation; Chest Research Foundation; University of Canberra; Tata Institute of Social Sciences; Universität Basel; Maragheh University of Medical Sciences; Universidade do Porto; Australian Government; Hacettepe Üniversitesi; Kosin University; Warwick Medical School; University of Cape Town; University of Ottawa; Public Health Agency of Canada; Madda Walabu University; Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri - IRCCS; Umweltbundesamt; Universitas Negeri Semarang; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Amgen; Trường Đại học Duy Tân; University of Warwick; Johns Hopkins University; Wellcome Trust; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; University of California, San Diego; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; University of West Florida; University of Pittsburgh; National University of Ireland; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Helsingin Yliopisto; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; Ain Shams University; Kletjian Foundation; National Institute for Social Care and Health Research; Seattle Children's Research Institute; Ahmadu Bello University; Wayne State University; Mansoura University; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; AstraZeneca; Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services; Mount Sinai Health System; College of Medicine, Seoul National University; Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Università degli Studi di Milano; University of Otago; Curtin University of Technology; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development; Seoul National University; University of California, San Francisco; University of Central Florida; National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities; School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Plan Nacional sobre Drogas; University of North Texas; Brandeis University; University of Galway; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; Ateneo de Manila University; Högskolan Dalarna; Aalborg Universitet; University of Washington; Emory University; Bahir Dar University; Fogarty International Center; National Center for Child Health and Development; South African Medical Research Council; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Xiamen University; University of Pennsylvania; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences; Harvard University; University of Haifa; Université de Lorraine; Case Western Reserve University; British Heart Foundation; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences; Ministry of Health and Medical Education; Kaiser Permanente; La Trobe University; Cancer Research UK","keywords":"Life expectancy; Demography; Burden of disease; Medicine; Disease; Gerontology; Mortality rate; Environmental health; Population; Internal medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01400741,0.001208963,0.003442453,0.01421504,0.0004356107,0.001156599,0.0009365188,0.0006398156,0.00153234],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03236515,0.0009998393,0.01066852,0.02057276,0.0006775396,0.001164482,0.002122367,0.001010862,0.0004037922],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001873652,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007215739,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0408022,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09463181,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9898781,0.003303989,0.003573505,0.001259209,0.001675774,0.0003094931],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9833572,0.005897332,0.005218756,0.001270902,0.003929834,0.0003259841],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"meta_analysis","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008295487,0.00004264118,0.5763562,0.1697833,0.08373974,0.0002347353,0.001418489,0.001795007,0.000445304,0.001526305,0.03452824,0.1293004],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004708726,0.0002816726,0.6639856,0.1316827,0.1281387,0.001251466,0.001473169,0.001664474,0.0006107921,0.002151911,0.06803998,0.0002486696],"study_design_candidate":"meta_analysis","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.04582435,0.8503337,0.004695065,0.001264064,0.0004596294,0.0008678175,0.09482007,0.0001620073,0.001573367],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3668092,0.5626093,0.01463753,0.001619008,0.0003923791,0.003311127,0.0498859,0.000156359,0.0005791874],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0408022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08112943,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1300845760440408,"score_gpt":0.3913777648516499,"score_spread":0.2612931888076092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). 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