{"id":"W2744632005","doi":"","title":"Optimal Auditing for Insurance Fraud","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cahiers de recherche","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Audit; Insurance fraud; Deterrence theory; Business; Actuarial science; Accounting; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002728804,0.0001377676,0.0004347737,0.000109012,0.0001779453,0.00008378978,0.0002729463,0.0006452833,0.0003266337],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001413588,0.0002090252,0.0001984567,0.0001699096,0.0001663194,0.0001926868,0.00001811565,0.0004969332,0.0006384568],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009532867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000198109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007845034,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009381891,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984331,0.00007518365,0.0005786609,0.0004082954,0.00001903081,0.0004857498],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987236,0.0004825096,0.0003334596,0.0002880833,0.00003180572,0.0001405577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005758038,0.0002059485,0.04570713,0.0002692234,0.0003090427,0.00001058997,0.01040512,0.001091691,0.0001780821,0.8752845,0.03564258,0.03083851],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002766454,0.0002452525,0.004436226,0.00008443343,0.00002045341,0.00003184587,0.0009290022,0.04275366,0.001023751,0.3998545,0.5464349,0.001419553],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4597025,0.006627199,0.0886683,0.001403696,0.001494344,0.0006894371,0.0003525574,0.0001724698,0.4408895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9737294,0.0008516571,0.01604557,0.0009282806,0.0008359232,0.0001214925,0.000009875649,0.00006027178,0.007417538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5140269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.85238,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1869632204713474,"score_gpt":0.2897695046686149,"score_spread":0.1028062841972675,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}