{"id":"W2744720038","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.008","title":"Qualitative and quantitative characterisation of adsorption mechanisms of lead on four biochars","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":194,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Thermogravimetric analysis; Biochar; Chemistry; Adsorption; Pellets; Fraction (chemistry); Extraction (chemistry); Pyrolysis; Nuclear chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003780035,0.0004705072,0.0003268466,0.0009331644,0.000370241,0.0005268335,0.0005913472,0.0006140536,0.0009742843],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005942604,0.0002562032,0.0004909645,0.0004017082,0.0006603873,0.0003575047,0.0002760089,0.0003620719,0.0002074376],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004984057,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003276096,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001920257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002309233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996212,0.0000563464,0.00002510253,0.00005362053,0.0001661815,0.00007745259],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997795,0.00008418287,0.00002683709,0.00002204149,0.00007039058,0.00001700629],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001404709,0.00002064128,0.0005669306,0.00004982547,0.00001221585,0.00001654744,0.00003643894,0.0003351718,0.9973391,0.0001011,0.00001253941,0.001369159],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007034409,0.0001681455,0.003192474,0.00000220085,0.00001907462,0.00002733659,0.00007067429,0.00124684,0.994846,0.0001029697,0.0003104649,0.000006755428],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947661,0.000468101,0.003715014,0.0000359297,0.00001318574,0.00002372291,0.0002383369,0.00003826258,0.0007013726],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966698,0.000229814,0.001584054,0.00001553137,0.000004688043,0.00002125536,0.0002259625,0.00001256733,0.001236338],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001920257,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003818214,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0426374545992255,"score_gpt":0.2922016428621682,"score_spread":0.2495641882629427,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}